Differentiating Nature and Society

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Society, in an ethic, is the set of all ethical actors. How do we decide who, or what, is and isn’t an ethical actor? A typical modern decision is, all members of mankind are ethical actors, and everything else is not. But there have been others. 倫理学での社会が全ての倫理的行動者でござる。どうやって誰と何が倫理的行動者である者と倫理的行動者でない者を決める？人類の全員が倫理的行動者であり、他の全てが倫理的行動者でないというのが普段の現代の決断でござるが、他の決断もある。
In the past, some societies have established racial or religious prerequisites for classification as ethical actors, and the lesser men that the dominant class dealt with were not their equals, but inferiors. In some cases, they outlined “subhuman rights” (so to speak) for the inferior classes, and in other cases, treated them merely as elements of Nature: Things to avoid or eradicate or control, depending on what is pragmatic. 過去には人種か宗教が条件で倫理的行動者として認める社会があった。支配者が劣等者と等しくなかった。例によって支配者が劣等者の為に劣等人権を認めた。別の例に、劣等者が自然の一部しかなかった物でござった。敬遠するか、死滅するか、支配するかを実用的に決めるべきでござった。
There is also the animal rights movement, that seeks to establish for all animals the rights previously reserved only for men. それに動物権利の運動、動物にも今まで人にしか認められなかった権利を認めるべきと主張する運動でござる。
As I build the ethic of equals, I won’t answer this question. It’s unnecessary to the construction of the ethic. So, it will be valid for any answer to the question, provided only that all ethical actors are considered equal in the ethic. 匹敵者の倫理を建築しても、拙者がこの問題を答えない。この倫理には必要がない。で、答えには倫理的行動者の全員が匹敵者として認めているだけで、匹敵者の倫理が成立する。
That does mean that some arrangements cannot use the ethic of equals. Where there is established superiority and inferiority, such as in racial or religious supremacy, that means a member of the superior class is not ethically equal to a member of the inferior class, and the ethic of equals cannot be applied to that society. それで、匹敵者の倫理を使えない社会もある。人種的、宗教的な支配みたいに優位と劣等があると、優位者と劣等者が匹敵しない故、その社会に匹敵者の倫理が成立しない。
I say ‘man’ to indicate an ethical actor in the ethic of equals; one who is ethically the equal of all the other members of Society. My opinion is that all mankind should be ethical actors, and all things that are not members of the human species should not be ethical actors. 匹敵者の倫理では、拙者の言う「人」が倫理的行動者と意味する。社会の全員と倫理的に匹敵する物でござる。拙者の意見は、全人類が「人」である、そして人類以外の全てが「人」ではない。

About Brian Wilton

I'm a libertarian. I prefer reading articles and books to listening to podcasts, although I hear that podcasts are more popular. Call it Picard's Syndrome.
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