Ethics of Liberty, Chapter 26: Utilitarian Free-Market Economics, Part B

One variant of utilitarianism stresses Pareto efficiency in making changes. But, Rothbard points out, this emphasizes changes from the status quo; while it prevents things from getting worse, it also makes improvements to the status quo hard by giving those benefiting from it an absolute veto. Since many aspects of the status quo generate such opposition, it makes the current state of affairs nearly permanent in effect. 功利主義の変形の一つは変化を考える時にパレート効率性を強調する。だが現状からの変化だけだ。現状の劣化を拒むけど改良をもほとんど拒む。現状を選好する者に絶対拒否権を上げる。現状にいろんな点について選好する者がある以上、現状を永遠に維持する、とロスバードが述べる。
A variant of this variant states that you can violate Pareto efficiency if you compensate the victims of a given change. This again fails when Rothbard considers the nature of utility. It cannot be measured, so “fair market price” is not the value that compensates the loss in utility. この変形の変形はパレート効率性を侵しても被害者に償ったら正当化する、と主張する。功利を考えてこの変形も落ちる、とロスバードが述べる。測定できないから公平な市場価格が功利の損失の償いにならない。
In my view, regarding the latter variation, the “compensation” can be deduced to be insufficient. If some change is proposed, there is no reason why payments should be excluded. When a man purchases goods from a vendor at an agreed price, it is an example of Pareto efficiency- both parties agree, so both parties benefit (or rather expect to benefit). 拙者の意見では後方の償いが足りないと推定できる。提案した変化を考えたら償いを除外する理由はない。商売では購買者と販売者が承諾した価格があるとパレート効率性がある。両方が承諾したから両方が得する。
To qualify as “compensated Pareto optimal,” the price must be one which the parties don’t agree on. One party must necessarily be short-changing the other party; that’s what makes it not Pareto efficient. That the victim is partially compensated makes it a lesser violation of rights than outright theft, but it remains a violation of rights. 「償ったパレート効率性」があると、両方が承諾しない価格もある。必須に片方が他方をパクっている。そうだからパレート効率性がない。被害者が部分的に償われても権利侵害でござる。

About Brian Wilton

I'm a libertarian. I prefer reading articles and books to listening to podcasts, although I hear that podcasts are more popular. Call it Picard's Syndrome.
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